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Expert System for Assessing the Type of Arrhythmia during Catheter Radiofrequency Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Šromová, Michaela ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis contains a brief description of the anatomy and electrophysiology of the heart, as well as both, surface and intracardiac electrocardiograms. The thesis also describes the different types of cardiac tachycardias, their differential diagnosis and what is known as The Expert System. The practical section of the thesis notes and outlines the tree diagrams, and additionally describes various software solutions of The Expert System. Further, the thesis includes the classification of the heart rhythm, using The Expert System method with three typical tachycardia cases, and including a list of questions asked by The Expert System to the user. Answers to all questions asked are being assessed in the text, as well as illustrated in submitted examples of intracardiac ECG recordings. The Expert System has been verified during a series of catheterization procedures on 26 patients (where the evaluated cardiac rhythm was 34). The classication of the type of heart rhythm (per The Expert System) when comparing the results with the doctors coincided in 100 % of tested cases.
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Differential Diagnostics of Anaemias from the Morphological Point of View
KLIMENTOVÁ, Michaela
Anaemia is considered to be a worldwide disease and it remains to be a topical one. This thesis tries to stress the importance of correct diagnosis of anaemia, without which correct and effective treatment cannot be adjusted. Although the number of people with anaemia is increasing, a large proportion are unaware of their disease, have not been diagnosed with it and therefore do not treat it. To diagnose anaemia is not difficult, however, differential diagnosis is the key to diagnose it correctly. A great contribution to the differential diagnosis is the description of erythrocyte indices that can be used to determine the exact type of anaemia and their subsequent use in differential diagnosis. The main objective of this bachelor thesis, entitled "Morphological Differential Diagnosis of Anaemia", is the statistical evaluation of the incidence of different types of anaemia, differentiated based on the erythrocyte morphology. Within the practical part of the thesis, blood counts were analysed on an automatic haematology analyser and then the data from the examinations were statistically processed. Excel was used to process all the data. The results of the statistical processing were entered into tables and graphs. Before the statistical processing, 3 hypotheses were defined and tested using a chi-square test which resulted in a level of significance (p). For all three hypotheses, the resulting level of significance was <5%, meaning that all null hypotheses were rejected and in all cases the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Surprisingly, macrocytic anaemia was more frequent than microcytic anaemia in the dataset (20 % of all types of anaemia versus 10 %), but as expected, hypochromic anaemia was more frequent than hyperchromic anaemia (17.39 % of all types of anaemia versus 5.65 %). Normocytic normochromic anaemia was the most represented anaemia in the dataset (62.61 % of types of anaemia). The results obtained from this study may be used for research purposes or as a source of information.
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Cribra orbitalia - prevalence and coincidence with another signs of diseases on skeleton. Medieval findings from the Czech Republic territory.
Poláková, Veronika ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Cribra orbitalia represents one of the most frequent bone pathologies in skeletal remains of past populations. This lesion is characterised by porous, furrowed even trabecular disruption on the outer table of the compact bone on the orbital roof. Although the origin of cribra orbitalia is linked to marrow hyperplasia as a consequence of iron deficiency anemia, even other causes are not ruled out. Both occurences cribra orbitalia alone and coincidence with other signs of diseases have been recorded. Research of this study applies to cribra orbitalia as a long- term stress indicator on the skeleton and a symptom of specific diseases or anemic syndroms. Skeletal remains from Czech medieval sites with presence of cribra orbitalia as well as whole graveyard from Oškobrh were analysed. Macroscopical investigation did not demonstrate periodic coincidence of cribra orbitalia and specific bone signs of the diseases. However, the following bone changes have been observed: hyperostosis porotica, increased vascularization, supranasal porosity, inflammatory- hemorrhagic reaction on the endocranium which can in terms of differential diagnosis help to clarify the nature and/or cause of the origin of cribra orbitalia. Comparison of the population from Oškobrh with other medieval graveyards showed that frequency of...
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Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease
Koťátková, Hana ; Nejmanová, Iveta (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Hana Koťátková Supervisor: PharmDr. Iveta Nejmanova, Ph.D. Form: Bachelor thesis Field of study: Medical Bioanalytics Title: Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's diseases The aim of the work: The aim is to clearly write current and developed diagnostic and treatment procedures for Parkinson's disease. The retrieved and collected information is analyzed and summarized. Main goals: The topic of this bachelor thesis is Parkinson's disease, especially its diagnosis and therapy. The introductory chapters deal with Parkinsonism, the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's diseases, as well as the clinical symptoms. Diagnosis and therapy occupy the largest part of this bachelor thesis. Clinical diagnostics no longer focuses only on motor symptoms, but also includes non-motor ones. Various diagnostic criteria, scales and tests that are currently used will be mentioned. This bachelor thesis also includes a chapter on biomarkers of Parkinson's disease, because there is great potential. The chapters about therapy mention current pharmacotherapies, their development, neurosurgical treatment and the effects of immunotherapy and gene therapy. Conclusion: From the...
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Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pre-hospital emergency care for adults
KLINEROVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis solves the problem of differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pre-hospital emergency care for adults where abdominal pain includes a very wide range of possible causes and illnesses. If proper and rapid diagnosis is determined in pre-hospital emergency care, it will greatly facilitate and speed up subsequent treatment. The thesis consists of two parts, a theoretical and a research one. The theoretical deals with the concept of pain, the importance of physical examination, the carefulness of anamnesis and the differentiation of pain according to the localization (right and left upper quadrant, right and left lower quadrant), other possible causes and pharmacological therapy. The practical part was realized in a qualitative form using semi-structured questionnaires. The aim was to map the most common primary diagnoses of abdominal pain and follow-up procedures and investigative methods of emergency rescue workers in pre-hospital emergency care. The research was conducted in March and April 2018 with the health rescuers of the Vysočina Region. For clarity, the data obtained was divided into categories, processed into tables and further compared. Research has shown that the procedure for examining a patient with abdominal pain is not ideal, often neglected important information that needs to be identified as soon as possible from the onset of the problems and including their further development. Therefore, a possible algorithm for patient's abdominal pain assessment in pre-hospital inadequate care has been proposed for possible follow-up in practice, containing all the important information that needs to be found in PNP and then handed over to the target hospital facility.
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Assessment of diagnosis by paramedic in pre-hospital emergency care
BINKOVÁ, Kristýna
Proper diagnosis is difficult even for many years experienced physician. It requires a carefully collected anamnesis and ability to listen and perception of the patient. Paramedics in prehospital emergency care do not determine suspected diagnosis. They determine only rough description. Based on previous anamnesis, physical examination and premedical knowledge together with suspected diagnosis they send patient to appropriate department. Here he is taken by medical worker and examination is done again. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe procedure and find out most common mistakes which paramedics commit when they determine diagnosis during prehospital emergency care. The thesis is divided into theoretical and research section. Theoretical section is about general terms as anamnesis, laws, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the most common diseases. Research in this thesis was done by qualitative method, data were collected by standardized interviews with paramedics from South Bohemia and Vysocina Region. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe procedure and find out most common mistakes which paramedics commit when they determine diagnosis during prehospital emergency care. Research showed that paramedics determine descriptive diagnosis several times a day and they know how to proceed correctly. They have a possibility from the employer to have special training regarding this issue, however they are missing feedback from hospital to verify correctness of determining the descriptive diagnosis. Participants would like to have this feedbacks it would be a confirmation of correctness of their prehospital care. The results of this thesis give the reader information on the issue and legislation in the theoretical part. The main benefit of this thesis should be the experiences and practices of paramedics from the Vysocina Region and the South Bohemian Region in determining descriptive diagnosis in prehospital emergency care.
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Cribra orbitalia - prevalence and coincidence with another signs of diseases on skeleton. Medieval findings from the Czech Republic territory.
Poláková, Veronika ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor)
Cribra orbitalia represents one of the most frequent bone pathologies in skeletal remains of past populations. This lesion is characterised by porous, furrowed even trabecular disruption on the outer table of the compact bone on the orbital roof. Although the origin of cribra orbitalia is linked to marrow hyperplasia as a consequence of iron deficiency anemia, even other causes are not ruled out. Both occurences cribra orbitalia alone and coincidence with other signs of diseases have been recorded. Research of this study applies to cribra orbitalia as a long- term stress indicator on the skeleton and a symptom of specific diseases or anemic syndroms. Skeletal remains from Czech medieval sites with presence of cribra orbitalia as well as whole graveyard from Oškobrh were analysed. Macroscopical investigation did not demonstrate periodic coincidence of cribra orbitalia and specific bone signs of the diseases. However, the following bone changes have been observed: hyperostosis porotica, increased vascularization, supranasal porosity, inflammatory- hemorrhagic reaction on the endocranium which can in terms of differential diagnosis help to clarify the nature and/or cause of the origin of cribra orbitalia. Comparison of the population from Oškobrh with other medieval graveyards showed that frequency of...
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Expert System for Assessing the Type of Arrhythmia during Catheter Radiofrequency Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Šromová, Michaela ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis contains a brief description of the anatomy and electrophysiology of the heart, as well as both, surface and intracardiac electrocardiograms. The thesis also describes the different types of cardiac tachycardias, their differential diagnosis and what is known as The Expert System. The practical section of the thesis notes and outlines the tree diagrams, and additionally describes various software solutions of The Expert System. Further, the thesis includes the classification of the heart rhythm, using The Expert System method with three typical tachycardia cases, and including a list of questions asked by The Expert System to the user. Answers to all questions asked are being assessed in the text, as well as illustrated in submitted examples of intracardiac ECG recordings. The Expert System has been verified during a series of catheterization procedures on 26 patients (where the evaluated cardiac rhythm was 34). The classication of the type of heart rhythm (per The Expert System) when comparing the results with the doctors coincided in 100 % of tested cases.
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